Besides the Basic Noun Suffix, there are two other suffixes that can be
put in that same slot. Both of these suffixes have to do with the idea
of location, and so we call them the "Locative Suffixes". The Locative
Forms of Simple Nouns is composed of these four parts:

   Noun Prefix  +  Noun Base  +  Linker Vowel  + Locative Suffix

There are two main Locative Forms of the noun in Mingo, called the
External Locative and the Internal Locative.
 

4.1. The External Locative Form of the Noun

The first of the two locative suffixes is called the External Locative
Suffix.  It generally translates into English as "on" or "at", or
sometimes "in".  In other words, it refers to a location on the outside
surface of the object.  For the vast majority of words, this suffix
takes the form -'ke.  Here are some examples of Simple Nouns in their
External Locative forms, broken down into their four component parts:

   Ø-    -ahtahkw-   -a-   -'ke   ahtahkwa'ke   on the shoe
   ká-   -yatösh-    -æ-   -'ke   káyatöshæ'ke  on the book
   ka-   -hsikwa-    -æ-   -'ke   kahsikwææ'ke  on the fork
   ka-   -'seht-     -a-   -'ke   ka'sehta'ke   on the car
   u-    -'nehs-     -a-   -'ke   u'nehsa'ke    on the sand

Note that -'ke is another suffix which can change the syllable count of
the word, which can affect the rule of Vowel Lengthening.  For example,
«kanéstæ'» "floor" and «kanestæ'ke» "on the floor".

Nouns whose Basic Form ends in -áá', will end in -ææ'ke in the External
Locative Form. For example, «ka'táá'» "chimney" and «ka'tææ'ke» "on the
chimney".

Although the External Locative suffix takes the form -'ke with nearly
all words in Mingo, it does have one other form.  It takes the form -ke
when added onto a word (typically a verb) which ends in a consonant.
For example, «haksút» "my grandfather" and «haksútke» "at my
grandfather's" (house, home, place, etc...), «hatétsë's» "(he is) a
doctor" and «hatetsë'ske» "at the doctor's, at the clinic".
 

4.2. The Internal Locative Form of the Noun

The other Locative Suffix is called the Internal Locative Suffix.  It
typically is translated as "inside" or "under" or "within".  It refers
to some location that is enclosed inside the object. It takes the form
-kô with all words.  Here are some examples of Simple Nouns in their
Internal Locative forms, broken down into their four component parts:

   u-    -ka'sta-         -æ-   -kô   uka'stæækô        under the mud
   ka-   -'seht-          -a-   -kô   ka'sehtakô        under the car
   Ø-    -atya'tawi'sh-   -æ-   -kô   atya'tawi'shækô   under the clothes
   ka-   -(h)ëhta-        -æ-   -kô   kaëhtæækô         under the cloth
   u-    -'niska-         -æ-   -kô   u'niskæækô        under the wheel

Once again, this suffix can cause changes in vowel lengthening.  The
Linker Vowel is always in the next-to-last syllable of the Internal
Locative Form of the Noun.  If thae Linker Vowel is odd-numbered, it
will stay short.  But if it is even-numbered, the Linker Vowel will
become long, following the regular rules of Vowel Lengthening. The only
exception is the sequence -ææ-, which stays -ææ- even if the second -æ-
is  an even-numbered vowel.  For example, kaháta' forest and kahatakô in
the forest, «këskáá'» "mat" and «këskæækô» "under the mat".