In this Chapter we'll learn the last bunch of Pronominal Prefixes. These
prefixes don't tend to fit with any of the other groups we've learned
in
earlier Chapters, and so they just have to be learned on their own.
22.1. The Wö-Group
There are two members of the Wö-Group.
höwö- :: he does something to
him
she does something to him
they do something to him
köwö- :: it does something to
it
They take the following forms:
C X
L LX A
---------------------------------------------
höwö- | höwö- höwö-
höwô- höwô- höwö-
köwö- | köwö- köwö-
köwô- köwô- köwö-
This prefix höwö- has three meanings: "he does something to
him", "she
does something to him", or "they do something to him," where "they"
can
be either dual or plural, and either masculine or feminine. The prefix
köwö- means: "it does something to it". It has the same meaning
as the u-
prefix and the ka- prefix from earlier Chapters. The differences in
usage between these three prefixes will be explained later on.
For both
of these prefixes, the -a- at the beginning of an A-Stem Verb Base
drops
out and is replaced by the -ö- of the prefix.
höwötënö'ös ::
he's watching over him
she's watching over him
they're watching over him
köwötënö'ös ::
it's watching over it
22.2. The Kö-Group
There are also two members of the Kö-Group.
kö- :: I do something
to you
hakö- :: he does something to them
They take the following forms:
C X
L LX
A
----------------------------------------------
kö- | kö-
kö- kô- kô-
köy-
hakö- | hakö- hakö-
hakô- hakô- haköy-
The prefix hakö- means "he does something to them," where "them"
can be
either dual or plural, and either masculine or feminine.
köyatënö'ös ::
I'm watching over you
haköyatënö'ös :: he's
watching over them (m/f)
22.3. The Rest: ya- and ethsi-
There are two other prefixes that are all on their own. The first
is
ya-.
ya- :: he does something to you
It takes the following forms:
C
X L LX
A
----------------------------------
ya- | ya- ya- yá-
yá- ya-
For example:
yatënö'ös :: he's watching over you
The very last prefix is ethsi-.
ethsi- :: you two do something to her
you two do something to them
you all do something to her
you all do something to them
It takes the following forms:
C X
L LX
A
----------------------------------------------------
ethsi- | ethsi- ethsi- ethsí-
ethsí- ethsiy-
The prefix ethsi- has four meanings: "you both do something to her,"
"you both do something to them," "you all do something to her," "you
all
do something to them," where "them" can be either dual or plural, and
either masculine or feminine.
For example:
ethsiyatënö'ös :: you two
are watching over her
you two are watching over them
you all are wacthing over her
you all are watching over them