Atúkë'

2. Ne' hutinööktaníne hatyuu'tás.
He works in the hospital.

3. Työë'túkë' akwas hakteueskwa' uneukë' u'suôt khu hatuwäskwa'.
He used to gather ginseng roots and hunt deer and wild turkey.

4. Ta unë waunyák ne yényö'ö.
Then he married a White girl.

5. Waöwöyôyakë't hutinööktaníne.
She made him go to work in the hospital.

6. Kakhwa' waakhwaawi'sék ne' ëökönôt kës n-utinööktánôni.
He carries dinner trays up to the patients.

7. Ne' huikê n-utinööktaníne n-únë ti'kwaö sha'öte'tô' höwönôtë ne hunu'ë khu ne hu'ni teatikanya's.
In that hospital whenever somebody has a baby they give the mother and father a free steak dinner.

8. Ne' ti nê wai taasnye't téniyenöwö'khö' höwëöhsé, "Ne' te'n-í' te'köiwakwëniyustha' ta'kwistë' ëhsathúwi', ne' së'ë satyanöhtö's shô."
One of the workers, his partner, said to him, I don't believe anything you say, because you just clown around.

9. "Ne' wai," waë' ne teyaknyatênôté'.
That's good, said my cousin.

10. Tsekë, ha'tekakôt së nënökwe'tí ëënötekhôni' ta'tëötikanya'k, ne' n-e'tkë ne teökwe'táké wániúwi' kës kheáwak huikë.
Look here, they need three free steak dinners upstairs because there are two men who both claim to be the father.

11. "Nyu", waë'.
"Alright," he said.

12. Ne' shaáyö' ne he'tkë, waë', "Káwé n-úya' ne hôkwe?"
When he got upstairs he said, "Where is the other man?"

13. "Nâ niyu'tê?" wa'ákë'. "Nâ te'ís teehsíwakwëniyustö?"
"What do you mean by that?" she said. "Surely you don't believe him?"

14. Ta unë nö'ôwë, sha'eyënêta't ne yekhôni, kakwékö nâ hënötyuu'tás ha'téyô shakunôwí.
Then when the cook retired, all the workers brought her presents.

15. Ne' ha'téyô n-uta'ææ' ne' khu ha'téyô n-úwista' shakunôwí.
They gave her all kinds of things, lace and silver.

16. Ne' ne teyaknyatênôté' ne' huikê atúkë' u'shakaö', atúkë' u'shakaö'.
Well, my cousin, he gave her an ax.

17. "Të'ë kúwá?" wa'ákë'.
"Why in the world?" she said.

18. Ne' ukwényô ne'hu aasyeä't kës saö'éshas nâ wihiák.
I thought you liked useful things.

Glossary

hutyánöt -- he's a funny guy

h[u]- MsP/A prefix, -atyanúht- be funny [Basic Stative]

ne -- [particle]

teyaknyatênôté' -- we two are siblings/cousins

te- Dualic, -yakny- EdA/A prefix, te...atênöt- be related as siblings/cousins [Basic Stative]

ne' wai -- [particle phrase]

tyutkôt -- always

utíwatyanöhtö's -- funny stories

[u]- NsP/A prefix, -at- Middle prefix, -íw- matter (story), -atyanöht- be funny [Basic Stative Plural]

ëöthyönyánô' -- he will tell (about) them

ë- Future prefix, -h- MsA/A prefix, - athyunyánö- tell about things [Simple Future]. Note that the h of the MsA/A prefix is weak, and so is dropped out when it would come between two vowels. Note also that the initial a of the verb base is nasalizeed to ö when it comes after the ë of the Future prefix.

kës -- often, frequently

ne' khu -- [particle phrase]

ëötyanö't -- he will clown around

ë- Future prefix, -h- MsA/A prefix, - atyanö't- clown around [Simple Future]. Note that the h of the MsA/A prefix is weak, and so is dropped out when it would come between two vowels. Note also that the initial a of the verb base is nasalizeed to ö when it comes after the ë of the Future prefix.

kës -- often, frequently

ëötíwayeânô' -- he will do things

ë- Future prefix, -h- MsA/A prefix, - atíwayeânö- do things [Simple Future]. Note that the h of the MsA/A prefix is weak, and so is dropped out when it would come between two vowels. Note also that the initial a of the verb base is nasalizeed to ö when it comes after the ë of the Future prefix.

(2)Ne' hutinööktaníne hatyuu'tás.
He works in the hospital.

ne' -- [particle]

hutinööktaníne -- at the hospital

huti- MpP/C prefix, -nööktani- be sick, -ne Locative suffix. Note that the Locative suffix - ne causes the preceding vowel to lengthen.

hatyuu'tás -- he works

h- MsA/A prefix, -atyuu'tat- work [Basic Habitual]

(3)Työë'túkë' akwas hakteueskwa' uneukë' u'suôt khu hatuwäskwa'.
He used to gather ginseng roots and hunt deer and wild turkey.

työë'túkë' -- ginseng

akwas -- very, much, alot

hakteueskwa' -- he used to gather, collect roots

ha- MsA/X prefix, -kte- root, -euek- gather, collect something together [Habitual Past]. Note that the initial e of the verb base -euek- appears to get dropped here.

uneukë' -- deer

u'suôt -- turkey

hatuwäskwa' -- he used to hunt

h- MsA/A prefix, -atuwät- hunt [Habitual Past]

(4)Ta unë waunyák ne yényö'ö.
Then he married a White girl.

ta unë -- and so then...

waunyák -- he (got) married

wa- Factual prefix, -hu- MsP/X prefix, -nyak- marry, get married [Simple Factual]. Note that the h of the MsP/X prefix is weak, and so is dropped out when it comes between two vowels.

ne -- [particle]

yényö'ö -- she is White

yé- FsA/L prefix, -nyö'ö- be a White person [Basic Stative]

(5)Waöwöyôyakë't hutinööktaníne.
She made him go to work in the hospital.

waöwöyôyakë't -- she made him work

wa- Factual prefix, -höwö- Fs/Ms/C prefix, -yôyakë't- make someone work [Simple Factual]. Note that the h of the Fs/Ms/C prefix is weak, and so is dropped out when it would come between two vowels.

hutinööktaníne -- at the hospital

huti- MpP/C prefix, -nööktani- be sick, -ne Locative suffix. Note that the Locative suffix - ne causes the preceding vowel to lengthen.

(6)Kakhwa' waakhwaawi'sék ne' ëökönôt kës n-utinööktánôni.
He carries dinner trays up to the patients.

kakhwa' -- food

ka- NsA/X prefix, -khw- food, -a- Linker Vowel, -' Basic Noun Suffix

waakhwaawi'sék -- he would carry food

wa- Factual, -ha- MsA, -khw- food, -a- Linker Vowel, -hawi- carry, -'s- Habitual, -ék Continuative

ne' -- [particle]

ëökönôt -- he will feed them

ë- Future prefix, -hakö- Ms/3p/C prefix, -nöt- feed [Simple Future]. Note that the h of the Ms/3p/C prefix is weak, and so is dropped out when it comes between two vowels.

kës -- often, frequently

n-utinööktánôni -- the patients

n- shortened form of ne, huti- MpP/C prefix, -nööktánöni- several people be sick [Basic Habitual]. Note that the h of the MpP/C prefix is dropped out when ne is contracted onto the front of the word.

(7)Ne' huikê n-utinööktaníne n-únë ti'kwaö sha'öte'tô' höwönôtë ne hunu'ë khu ne hu'ni teatikanya's.
In that hospital whenever somebody has a baby they give the mother and father a free steak dinner.

ne' -- [particle]

huikê -- that (one)

n-utinööktaníne -- at the hospital

n- shortened form of ne, huti- MpP/C prefix, -nööktani- be sick, -ne Locative suffix. Note that the h of the MpP/C prefix is dropped off when ne is contracted onto the front of the word. Note also that the Locative suffix - ne causes the preceding vowel to lengthen.

n-únë -- at that time

n- shortened form of ne, únë now, at that time

ti'kwaö -- with preceeding word, whenever

sha'öte'tô' -- when someone has given birth

sha'- Coincident + Factual prefixes, -y[ö]- FsA/A prefix, -ate'tö- give birth [Simple Factual]. Note that the y of the FsA/A prefix is dropped out when it comes after /'/.

höwönôtë -- he feeds them

höwö- Ms/3p/C prefix -nöt- feed [Basic Habitual]

ne -- [particle]

hunu'ë -- his mother

khu -- and

ne -- [particle]

hu'ni -- his father

teatikanya's -- they do not pay

te- Negative prefix, -hati- MpA/X prefix, -kanya'k- pay [Basic Habitual]. Note that the initial h of the MpA/X prefix is dropped out when it comes between two vowels.

(8)Ne' ti nê wai taasnye't téniyenöwö'khö' höwëöhsé, "Ne' te'n-í' te'köiwakwëniyustha' ta'kwistë' ëhsathyúwi', ne' së'ë satyanöhtö's shô."
One of the workers, his partner, said to him, "I don't believe anything you say, because you just clown around."

ne' ti nê wai -- [particle phrase(s)]

taasnye't -- he spoke up

t- Cislocative prefix, -a- Factual prefix, -ha- MsA/X prefix, t...snye'- speak up, utter something [Simple Factual]. Note that the h of the MsA/X prefix is weak, and so is dropped out when it would come between two vowels.

téniyenöwö'khö' -- those two guys work together, they are partners

te- Dualic prefix, -ni- MdA/C prefix, te...yenöwö'khö- work together, be partners [Basic Stative]. Note that the MdA prefix -ni- causes the preceding vowel to lengthen.

höwëöhsé -- he's said to him

höw- Ms/Ms/Ë prefix, -ëöhse- say something to someone [Basic Stative]

ne' -- [particle]

te'n-í' -- not me, not I

te'- Negative prefix, n- contracted form of ne, í' I, me, we, us

te'köiwakwëniyustha' -- I don't believe you

te'- Negative prefix, -kö- 1s/2s/C, - íwakwëniyust- believe someone [Basic Habitual]

ta'kwistë' -- nothing

ëhsathyúwi' -- you will tell (about) it

ë- Future prefix, -hs- 2sA/A prefix, -athyuwi- tell (about) something [Simple Future]

ne' -- [particle]

së'ë -- because

satyanöhtö's -- you clown around

s- 2sP/A prefix, -atyanöht- be funny [Basic Stative Plural]

shô -- just

(9)"Ne' wai," waë' ne teyaknyatênôté'.
"That's good," said my cousin.

ne' wai -- that's good

waë' -- he said

wa- Factual prefix, -h- MsA/Ë prefix, -ë- say [Simple Factual]

ne -- [particle]

teyaknyatênôté' -- we two are siblings/cousins

te- Dualic, -yakny- EdA/A prefix, te...atênöt- be related as siblings/cousins [Basic Stative]

(10)Tsékë, ha'tekakôt së nënökwe'tí ëënötekhôni' ta'tëötikanya'k, ne' n-e'tkë ne teökwe'táké wániúwi' kës kheáwak huikë.
"Look here, they need three free steak dinners upstairs because there are two men who both claim to be the father."

tsékë -- look here

t- Cislocative prefix, -se- 2sA/X prefix, -kë- see [Basic Imperative]

ha'tekakôt -- it is necessary, must

ha'te- Dualic + Translocative preplex, -ka- NsA/X prefix -köt- do something [Neuter Passive Stative]

së -- three (3)

nënökwe'tí -- that many people?

ëënötekhôni' -- they will eat

ë- Future prefix, -hën[ö]- MpA/A prefix, -atekhöny- have a meal [Simple Future]. Note that the h of the MpA/A prefix is dropped out when it comes between two vowels.

ta'tëötikanya'k -- they won't pay, free

ne' -- [particle]

n-e'tkë -- upstairs

n- contracted form of ne, he'tkë up, above. Note that the initial h of he'tkë is dropped of when ne is contracted onto the front.

ne teökwe'táké --- two men

ne [particle], te- Dualic prefix, -h- MsA/Ö prefix, te...ökwe'take- be two people [Basic Stative]. Note that the h of the MsA/Ö prefix is dropped out when it comes between two vowels, making it look like there is no Pronominal prefix in this form at all.

wániúwi' -- those two guys say

wa- Factual prefix, -ni- MdA/C prefix, -hyuwi- tell [Simple Factual]. Note that the hy sequence of the verb base is weak, and so is dropped out when it comes between two vowels. Note also that the MdA/C prefix -ni- causes the preceding vowel to become long.

kës -- often

kheáwak -- my daughter

huikë -- that one

(11) "Nyu", waë'.
"Alright," he said.

nyu -- alright

waë' -- he said

wa- Factual prefix, -h- MsA/Ë prefix, -ë- say something [Simple Factual]. Note that the h of the MsA/Ë prefix is weak, and so is dropped out when it comes between two vowels.

(12)Ne' shaáyö' ne he'tkë, waë', "Káwé n-úya' ne hôkwe?"
When he got upstairs he said, "Where is the other man?"

ne' -- [particle]

shaáyö' -- when he arrived

sh- Coincident prefix, -a- Factual prefix, -ha- MsA/C prefix, -yö- arrive [Simple Factual]. Note that the h of the MsA/C prefix is weak, and so is dropped out when it comes between two vowels.

ne he'tkë -- upstairs

ne [particle], he'tkë up, above

waë' -- he said

wa- Factual prefix, -h- MsA/Ë prefix, -ë- say something [Simple Factual]. Note that the h of the MsA/Ë prefix is weak, and so is dropped out when it comes between two vowels.

káwé -- where?

n-úya' -- the other one

n- contracted form of ne, ú- NsP/L prefix, -y- other, another, -a- Linker Vowel, -' Basic Noun Suffix.

ne hôkwe -- the man

ne [particle], h- MsA/Ö prefix - ökwe person.

(13) "Nâ niyu'tê?" wa'ákë'. "Nâ te'ís teehsíwakwëniyustö?"
"What do you mean by that?" she said. "Surely you don't believe him?"

nâ niyu'tê? -- what do you mean?

nâ [particle], ni- Partitive prefix, -y- NsA/O prefix, ni...u'të- be a kind of something [Basic Stative].

wa'ákë' -- she said

wa'- Factual prefix, -yak- FsA/Ë prefix, -ë- say something [Simple Factual]. Note that the y of the FsA/Ë prefix is dropped out following the ' of the Factual prefix.

nâ -- [particle]

te'ís -- you don't, not you

te'- Negative prefix, ís you.

teehsíwakwëniyustö -- you do not believe him

te- Negative prefix, -hehs- 2s/Ms/C prefix, -íwakwëniyust- believe [Basic Stative]. Note that the initial h of the 2s/Ms/C prefix -hehs- is weak, and so is dropped out when it comes between two vowels.

(14) Ta unë nö'ôwë, sha'eyënêta't ne yekhôni, kakwékö nâ hënötyuu'tás ha'téyô shakunôwí.
Then when the cook retired, all the workers brought her presents.

ta unë nö'ôwë -- so now then it happened...

sha'eyënêta't -- when she retired

sh- Coincident prefix, -a'- Factual prefix, -ye- FsA/C prefix, -yënëta'- finish doing something [Simple Factual]. Note that the y of the FsA/C prefix is dropped out when it comes after the ' of the Factual prefix.

ne yekhôni -- the cook (female)

ne [particle], ye- FsA/X prefix - khöny- make food [Basic Habitual].

kakwékö -- all

ka- NsA/X prefix, -kwek- be all [Basic Stative].

nâ -- [particle]

hënötyuu'tás -- they work

hën[ö]- MpA/A prefix, -atyuu'tat- work [Basic Habitual]

ha'téyô -- everything, all kinds of things

ha'te- Dualic + Translocative preplex, -y- NsA/Ö prefix -ö- be a certain amount [Basic Stative]

shakunôwí -- they gave it to her

shakun[ö]- 3p/Fs/A prefix, -awi- give something to someone [Basic Stative].

(15) Ne' ha'téyô n-uta'ææ' ne' khu ha'téyô n-úwista' shakunôwí.
They gave her all kinds of things, lace and silver.

ne' -- [particle]

ha'téyô -- everything, all kinds of things

ha'te- Dualic + Translocative preplex, -y- NsA/Ö prefix -ö- be a certain amount [Basic Stative]

n-uta'ææ' -- lace

n- contracted form of ne, [u]- NsP/A prefix, -ata'a- lace, veil, webbing, -æ- Linker Vowel, -' Basic Noun Suffix. Note that the final a of the Noun Base changes to æ when it comes immediately before the Linker Vowel æ.

ne' -- [particle]

khu -- and

ha'téyô -- everything, all kinds of things

ha'te- Dualic + Translocative preplex, -y- NsA/Ö prefix -ö- be a certain amount [Basic Stative]

n-úwista' -- silver

n- contracted form of ne, ú- NsP/L prefix, -wist- silver, money, -a- Linker Vowel, -' Basic Noun Suffix.

shakunôwí -- they gave it to her

shakun[ö]- 3p/Fs/A prefix, -awi- give something to someone [Basic Stative].

(16) Ne' ne teyaknyatênôté' ne' huikê atúkë' u'shakaö', atúkë' u'shakaö'.
Well, my cousin, he gave her an ax.

ne' -- [particle]

ne teyaknyatênôté' -- we two are siblings/cousins

ne [particle], te- Dualic, -yakny- EdA/A prefix, te...atênöt- be related as siblings/cousins [Basic Stative]

ne' -- [particle]

huikê -- that, that one

atúkë' -- ax

u'shakaö' -- he gave it to her

u'- Factual prefix, -shaka- Ms/Fs/Ö prefix, -ö- give something to someone [Simple Factual].

(17) "Të'ë kúwá?" wa'ákë'.
"Why in the world?" she said.

të'ë kúwá? -- why? why in the world?

wa'ákë' -- she said

wa'- Factual prefix, -yak- FsA/Ë prefix, -ë- say something [Simple Factual]. Note that the y of the FsA/Ë prefix is dropped out following the ' of the Factual prefix.

(18) Ne' ukwényô ne'hu aasyeä't kës saö'éshas nâ wihiák.
I thought you liked useful things.

ne' -- [particle]

ukwényô -- it is possible, can

u- NsP/X prefix, -kwëny- be possible [Basic Stative].

ne'hu -- [particle]

aasyeæ't -- you might use it

aa- Optative prefix, -s- 2sA/C prefix, -yeæ't- use something [Simple Optative].

kës -- often

saö'éshas -- it pleases you, you like it

sa- 2sP/Ö prefix, -ö'esha- something pleases someone, like something [Basic Habitual].

nâ -- [particle]

wihiák -- I thought